Roman Gold Coins Unearthed in Luxembourg: A Glimpse into Late Roman Empire

Archaeologists from Luxembourg's National Institute for Archaeological Research (INRA) have made a remarkable discovery in the village of Holzthum, northern Luxembourg. A treasure trove of 141 Roman gold coins, known as solidi, dating back to the late 4th century CE, has been unearthed after several years of excavation.

The Discovery

The journey of this extraordinary find began in 2019 when two amateur archaeologists stumbled upon a gold coin in an adjacent field. Recognizing its significance, they alerted the authorities, leading to professional excavations commencing in 2020. Over the next four years, archaeologists meticulously explored the site, aided by the Luxembourg Army's Bomb Disposal Service due to the presence of World War II munitions.

The Treasure

The hoard of solidi, valued at approximately €308,600 ($322,000), was found near the foot of a late Roman fortified tower, or burgus, used for military observation. These coins were minted between 364 and 408 CE and feature portraits of nine emperors. Each solidus weighs about 0.16 ounces (4.5 grams) and was part of a stable currency introduced in the fourth century.

Historical Significance

Among the most intriguing finds are rare coins from Emperor Eugenius, who ruled for a brief two-year period (392-394 CE). Eugenius's short and turbulent reign, marked by his attempt to revive Roman pagan traditions, ended in defeat at the Battle of Frigidus in 394 CE. The presence of his coins adds substantial historical and numismatic value to the hoard.

Archaeological Context

The excavation site yielded not only the coin hoard but also the remains of the burgus and several nearby graves. This comprehensive find provides valuable insights into the Roman Empire's frontier defenses in Gallia Belgica, the region that includes present-day Luxembourg.

Research and Conservation

INRA researchers have hailed this as "a major archaeological discovery," emphasizing the rarity of studying an entire ancient monetary deposit in its original archaeological context. The coins and associated artifacts have undergone further study and conservation, with INRA planning to publish their research findings in a scientific journal.

Future Plans

Discussions are ongoing regarding where the hoard should be displayed. Meanwhile, in accordance with Luxembourg's cultural heritage laws, the landowner has been compensated for the value of the hoard.

This remarkable discovery not only sheds light on the economic and political landscape of the late Roman Empire but also highlights the potential for amateur archaeologists to contribute to significant historical finds.

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